Okinawa 

(called Okinawa since 779) 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture
Symbol of Okinawa Prefecture

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/East_China_Sea_Map.jpg

Some in Okinawa do not think of themselves as Japanese. The dialect of Japanese is different. China claims the Ryukyu Islands as their territory and at times Taiwan makes the claim. 

There is a movement for Okinawa independence.